Persian carpet and process of weaving same.



Patented D60. 30, I902.

H. PANITSCHEK & .1. AHOR N. PERSIAN CARPET AND PROCESS DF WEAVING SAME.

(Application filed Apr. 20, 1901.)

(No Model.)

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HEINRICH PANITSCHEK AND JOI-IANN AHORN, OF SARAJEVO, AUSTRIA- HUNGARY.

PERSIAN CARPET AND PROCESS OF WEAVINGSAME.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 717,017g'dated December 30, 1902.

Original application filed August 19, 1899, Serial No. 727,820. Divided and this application filed April 20, 1901. Serial N0.56,73 l. (No specimens.)

T0 00% whom it may concern.-

Be it known that we, HEINRICH PANIT- SCHEK and J OHANN AHORN, subjects of the Emperor of Austria-Hungary, residing at Sarajevo, Province of Bosnia, Empire of Austria-Hungary, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Persian Carpets and Processes of Weaving the Same, (being a division of application, Serial No. 727,820, filed August 19, 1899;) and we do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters and figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

Oriental pile fabrics are, known as Smyr- 11a and Persian carpets or rugs, one c1assthe Smyrna carpet-being a fabric in which the pile is long and not uniformly distributed, and is consequently coarser than the other or Persian fabric, which is usually of a short pile uniformly distributed.

Now the present invention relates to the method of weaving Persian carpets, by which the pile-threads are fed insuch a manner that they can be successively twisted or knotted around pairs of warp-threads to form Persian knots, which are shoved against the fin ished fabric and held in place by weftthreads, known as the ground-picks.

Referring to the drawings, in which like parts are similarly designated, Figure 1 illustrates the Smyrna knot; Fig. 2, the Persian knot; Figs. 3, 4c, 5, and 6, the successive steps in making the Persian knot according to this invention. Fig. 7 is a cross-section (taken in the weft direction) of the finished carpet, and Fig. 8 shows the efiect of improperly picking in the ground-threads.

It will be seen that in Fig. 1 both pilethread ends are adjacent one another and between the same two warp-threads, and there is no pile between the adjacent pairs of warpthreads, giving an uneven distribution of the pile, which must necessarily be longer than the form shown in Fig. 2 to enable the pilethread ends to cover the spaces between adjacent pairs of warp-threads. Fig. 2 shows the Persian knot,in which the pile-threads have a single turn around one warp-thread and a loop aroundthe adjacentwarp-thread, the ends of each pile-thread separated by a warp-thread. This gives a much more uniform distribution of the pile and enables it to be cut shorter than that of Smyrna carpets.

This process consists, essentially, in taking colored pile-threads c, placing them on one side of a pair of warp-threads a. b, displacing these'warp-threads and completely twisting the pile-thread around one of the warp-threads, looping it around the other, and inserting one tight and one loose groundpick after a row of knots has been moved up to the finished fabric, thus producing a relative position of that warp-thread around which on e'end of the pile-thread is looped below the adjacent warp-thread, around which the other pile-thread end makes a complete turn. It is preferable to feed on one side of the warp strips from which the pile-threads can be drawn successively and knotted on the warp-threads,the short colored threads of said strips being arranged in the order in which they are to occur in the weft direction in the carpet or rug. These short weft-threads are withdrawn from the strips and moved into the plane of the closed shed I II, the pair of warpthreads around which the knot is to be formed being preferably simultaneously displaced, one, a, first and to a greater extent than the other, I), as shown in Fig. 4. The ends of the pile-thread o are then moved somewhat past the plane of the shed and the nearest warpthread allowed to assume closed-shed position. The two ends 1 2, Fig. 5, are then passed to opposite sides of this warp-thread b, preferably by turning them one hundred and eighty degrees around a common center, thus forming a complete turn around the warpthreads 1), Fig. 6, and the farther warp-thread a is allowed to drop in the angle between the crossed pile-thread ends, (shown in dotted lines in Fig. 6,) when the completed knot is shoved against the finished fabric. After a ro'it of knots has been inserted the shed is made and a tight ground-pick d inserted. The warp is then shed in an opposite direction and a loose gronnd-pickfinserted, Fig. 7. The loose ground-pick is first made tight and loosened by hand afterward. The object of the loose ground-pick is to securely bind in the knots and lockthe first tight pick, at the same time not displacing the warp-threads at the fabric in an opposite direction, which would give the undesirable result shown in Fig. 8, where the end a of the pile-thread is very apt to work down through and between the warp-threads a 6. Thus the hold of the knot,irrespective of the thickness of the Warpthreads, will depend upon the tension of the first weft-pick-and the proper shedding of the warp. The left-hand pile end lies behind the plane of the knot and is securely held by the weft. In a carpet made in this mannerthere is a great saving of threads used for the pile, and if made by machinery no shearing of the pile will be necessary,provided the short pilethreads are properly fed, and this is accomplished by feeding such threads from between twisted warp-threads of a pattern fabric, as hereinbefore referred to. At the same time that a row of knotsis being formed, or between the insertion of the pairs of groundpicks, the border or binding edges of the carpet can be woven and bound in by these pairs of ground-picks.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim as new therein, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The method of weaving Persian carpets, which consists in displacing the warp-threads out of the closed-shed position, bringing the pile-threads substantially into the closed-shed plane, releasing one of a pair of warp-threads, twisting the pile-thread around the same and releasing the other Warp-thread, then forming an open shed and inserting ground-picks, whereby alternate warp-threads are held in different planes, substantially as described.

2. The method of weaving Persian carpets, which consists in displacing warp-threads on one side of the plane of closed shed, bringing the pile-thread substantially into the plane of the closed shed, releasing one of the warpthreads, twisting the pile around the same and releasing the second warp-thread, thereby forming a Persian knot, and inserting ground-picks after a row of knots has been formed, whereby'alternate warp-threads are held in different planes, substantially as described.

3. The method of weaving Persian carpets, which consists in successively displacing pairs of warp-threads from the closed-shed position, bringing short pile-threads successively and in proper order into substantially the closed-shed plane, releasing one of the pair of displaced warp-threads, crossing the ends of the pile-thread over the same, releasing the other warp-thread, thereby forming a Persian knot, moving the knots down against the fabric already made, shedding the warp and inserting ground'-picks,whereby alternate warpthreads are held in difierent planes, substantially as described.

4. The method of weaving Persian carpets, which consists in successively displacing pairs of warp-threads to one side of closed-shed position, one of the threads of a pair being displaced farther than the other, bringing the pile-threads into suitable position at right'angles to the displaced warp-threads, releasing the lesser-displaced thread, crossing the ends of the pile-thread around the same, and then releasing the other warp-thread, moving the finished knot to the cloth, forming a shed and inserting two ground-picks,whereby alternate warp-threads are held in different planes, substantially as described.

5. The method of weaving Persian carpets, which consists in displacing pairs of warpthreads, one thread of a pair more than the other, bringing the pile-thread into proper position, twisting it around the less-displaced warp-thread and releasing the more-displaced one, and inserting in the warp a tight and a loose groundpick after each row of knots, whereby alternate warp-threads are held in different planes, substantially as described. 6. The method of weaving Persian carpets, which consists in displacing warp-threads in pairs on the same side of closed-shed position, one of a pair of threads more than the other, feeding strips of a pattern fabric containing short threads arranged in proper order, successively removing the short threads from the strip, bringing them in proper position, releasing the lesser-displacedwarp-threads, crossing the ends of the short thread around the same, releasing the other warp-thread, shedding the Warp, inserting a tight ground-pick, shedding the warp again and inserting a loose ground-pick to lock the same, substantially as described.

7. The method of weaving Persian carpets,

Which consists in successively displacing pairs of warp-threads from closed-shed position and alining them one in advance of the other, feeding a strip of a pattern fabric carrying short threads designed to form pile-threads, removing the short threads in proper order, bringing them successively into substantially the closed-shed plane, releasing the lesser-displaced warp-thread of a pair, crossing the ends'of the short thread around the same, releasing the other displaced thread to form a Persian knot, weaving in the binding edges of the carpet, inserting a tight ground-pick and then inserting a loose ground-pick to lock the former and bind the edges to the carpet, whereby alternate warp-threads are held in different planes, substantially as described.

8. A pile fabric, comprising warp-threads, Persian knots secured to pairs of the same in such a manner that one thread of a pair has a complete turn of the pile-thread around it and the other has an end of the pile looped under it, the latter warp-thread held below the plane of the former, a tight ground-weft loose ground-pick inserted to lock the tight adjacent the pile-th reads and a loose groundone in position, substantially as described.

weft to lock the former in position, substan- In testimony that we claim the foregoing as tially as described. our invention we have signed our names in I 5 5 9. A pile fabric, comprising warp-threads, l presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

pile-threads having a complete turn around one Warp-thread and looped around an adjag g i gf i gggg cent warp-thread, a tight ground-pick inserted to cause those warp-threads having Witnesses: :o the looped pile around them to lie in a plane GUSTAV PHILIPPITSCH,

below those having the complete turn, and a ALVESTO S. I-IOGUE. 

